生物質供熱具有綠色低碳環(huán)保的特點，是治理縣域燃煤污染的有效途徑，也是發(fā)達國家普遍推廣的措施。雖然前景看好，處于起步階段的生物質能供熱仍面臨政策、標準、產業(yè)體系等方面的問題?！蛾P于開展生物質熱電聯(lián)產縣域清潔供熱示范項目建設的通知》的發(fā)布將為生物質供熱進一步探路，生物質供熱有望成為清潔供暖的“生力軍”。

　　Biomass heating has the characteristics of green low carbon environmental protection, is an effective way to control county coal pollution, is also developed countries general promotion measures.Although promising, in the initial stage of the biomass heating system still faces policy, standards, industry, etc.The county clean implementation of biomass cogeneration heating notice of the construction of the demonstration project of release will be a living material heating units, further biomass heating is expected to become a "powerhouse" clean heating.

　　近日，國家能源局發(fā)布《關于開展生物質熱電聯(lián)產縣域清潔供熱示范項目建設的通知》，要求于9月15日前組織申報生物質熱電聯(lián)產縣域清潔供熱示范項目，并對示范新建項目優(yōu)先核準，保障示范項目享受各地清潔供熱支持政策，建成后優(yōu)先獲得國家可再生能源發(fā)電補貼。專家表示，綜合來看，生物質供熱有望成為清潔供暖的“生力軍”，市場潛力巨大。

　　Recently, the national energy administration, issued the implementation of county clean biomass cogeneration heating notice of the construction of the demonstration project, the organization to declare requirements on September 15 county clean biomass cogeneration heating demonstration projects, and to demonstrate the new project priority for approval, care demonstration project and clean around the heating support policy, after the completion of priority access to the national renewable energy subsidies. Experts say that, taken together, biomass heating is expected to be a "new force" for clean heating, with huge market potential.

　　推進北方地區(qū)冬季清潔取暖，關系北方地區(qū)廣大群眾溫暖過冬，關系霧霾天能不能減少，是能源生產和消費革命、農村生活方式革命的重要內容。但受經濟發(fā)展水平、居民分布密集程度、地區(qū)用電負荷等因素影響，部分城市周邊、城鄉(xiāng)接合部、農村等地區(qū)尚不能實現集中供暖，還大量使用分散燃煤小鍋爐、小火爐等取暖，這種取暖方式往往使用價格便宜但硫分較高的散燒煤，取暖效果差，且大氣污染物排放總量巨大。

　　Winter in the northern region, the clean and warm, warm winter relations to the north and the masses, relationship between haze days can reduce, energy revolution, the production and consumption is the important content of rural lifestyle revolution. But the level of economic development, residents intensity distribution, regional power load factors, such as parts of the city, urban and rural joints, such as rural areas surrounding the cannot realize central heating, also use large amounts of dispersed small coal-fired boilers, small furnace, such as heating, the heating way often use cheap but high sulfur content of coal, heating effect is poor, and the huge air pollutant emissions.

　　生物質供熱具有綠色低碳環(huán)保的特點，是治理縣域燃煤污染的有效途徑，也是發(fā)達國家普遍推廣的措施。歐洲生物質協(xié)會發(fā)布的2016年度統(tǒng)計報告顯示，用于電力和熱能的可再生能源的份額在短短10年間增加了近1倍，部分原因是由于生物能源的強勁擴張，廣泛用于熱電聯(lián)產電廠、城市集中供熱廠和現代家居爐所致。

　　Biomass heating has the characteristics of green and low carbon and environmental protection. It is an effective way to control coal pollution in county area, and is widely promoted in developed countries. European association 2016 annual statistical report released by the biomass for electricity and heat energy of the share of renewable energy in a short span of 10 years has increased nearly 1 times, in part because of the strong expansion of biological energy, is widely used in cogeneration power plant, urban central heating plant and modern household furnace.

　　據了解，我國生物質供熱主要以生物質成型燃料鍋爐供熱為主，利用方式為成型燃料直接燃燒產生熱量。2014年以來，國家能源局采用試點和示范的方式，積極推進生物質成型燃料供熱規(guī)?；?、產業(yè)化發(fā)展。2015年在試點的基礎上，組織了生物質成型燃料鍋爐供熱示范項目建設。目前，我國已形成100個以生物質能供熱為主的縣級城

　　鎮(zhèn)，生物質成型燃料年利用量約800萬噸。

　　It is understood that the biomass heating of our country is mainly based on biomass formed fuel boiler, which is used to generate heat directly from the forming fuel. Since 2014, the national energy administration has adopted a pilot and demonstration method to actively promote the largescale and industrialized development of biomass forming fuels. On the basis of the pilot project in 2015, the construction of a demonstration project for the heating of biomass forming fuel boiler was organized. At present, China has formed 100 county-level towns with biomass energy heating, and the annual consumption of biomass is about 8 million tons.

　　“隨著環(huán)境壓力加大，清潔能源需求不可阻擋，生物質供熱面臨大好形勢?！眹野l(fā)展改革委能源研究所原所長周鳳起表示，我國生物質成型燃料供熱技術和運作模式基本成熟，成型燃料的專用鍋爐等裝備制造已經具備規(guī)?；?，形成了一批有實力的龍頭企業(yè)，污染物排放控制也比較好，有了替代煤炭供熱的可能。

　　"As the environmental pressure increases, the demand for clean energy is unstoppable and biomass heating is in good condition." Energy research institute, the national development and reform commission, said zhou, director of biomass shaped fuel heating technology in our country and basic mature operation model, special molding fuel boiler equipment manufacturing have scale, such as forming a group of powerful leading enterprises, pollutant emission control is also quite good, has the potential of alternative coal for heating.

　　對于生物質供熱的前景，首先，我國生物質能資源非常豐富，而當前使用量還不到10%；其次，我國供熱市場足夠大；此外，單純的供熱正轉向熱電聯(lián)產，特別是工業(yè)園區(qū)的供熱已經呈現出多聯(lián)產的方式，能源的利用效率更高、經濟性會更好。

　　For the prospect of biomass heating, first, the biomass energy resources of China are very rich, and the current usage is less than 10%. Secondly, China's heating market is large enough; In addition, the simple heating is turning to the heat and electricity generation, especially the heating of the industrial park has already shown the way of multiplex production, the energy utilization efficiency is higher, the economy will be better.

　　雖然前景看好，處于起步階段的生物質能供熱仍面臨政策、標準、產業(yè)體系等方面的問題。一是部分地方出臺了不利于生物質成型燃料應用的文件及規(guī)定。北京、南寧、深圳、佛山等地出臺文件禁止或限制生物質成型燃料應用，還有很多地方也持反對和抵制態(tài)度；二是生物質成型燃料鍋爐缺乏與自身清潔環(huán)保特性相適應的專門的大氣污染物排放標準，一些地方錯誤地認為生物質成型燃料鍋爐與燃煤鍋爐一樣，而限制其發(fā)展；三是產業(yè)體系不完善。缺乏完整的專業(yè)化原料收集、運輸、儲存及供應體系，收儲運效率低，難以滿足規(guī)?；玫男枰?；四是補貼政策不完善。對生物質成型燃料的補貼支持，應從支持前端成型燃料生產轉到終端鍋爐清潔燃燒。

　　Although the foreground is optimistic, in the initial stage biomass energy heating still faces the policy, the standard, the industrial system and other aspects of the problem. First, there are some local documents and regulations that are not conducive to the application of biomass forming fuel. Beijing, nanning, shenzhen, foshan and other places have issued documents to ban or restrict the application of biomass forming fuels, and there are also many other places to oppose and resist. 2 it is lack of straw briquette fuel boiler with its own clean environmental protection features that meet the needs of special air pollutants emission standards, some local mistakenly think that straw briquette fuel like coal boiler, boiler and limit its development; Third, the industrial system is not perfect. Lack of complete specialized raw material collection, transportation, storage and supply system, the storage and transportation efficiency is low, it is difficult to meet the need of largescale utilization; Fourth, the subsidy policy is not perfect. The subsidy support for biomass forming fuel should be transferred from the supporting front-end molding fuel production to the clean combustion of the terminal boiler.

　　此次國家能源局推動示范項目建設就是為了給生物質供熱進一步探路。對于下一步發(fā)展，國家能源局有關負責人透露，一是將發(fā)展生物質能作為應對大氣污染的重要措施，納入環(huán)境保護戰(zhàn)略，明確在保護生態(tài)環(huán)境方面的定位和作用；二是建立健全產業(yè)體系，研究建立專業(yè)化原料收集體系和運營機制，出臺生物質鍋爐污染物排放標準，開展標準體系建設；三是完善政策支持體系，將生物質能供熱納入能源行業(yè)管理，建立優(yōu)先利用機制和高效的管理體系，出臺終端補貼政策與財稅優(yōu)惠政策。

　　The national energy administration is pushing for a demonstration project to further explore new sources of biomass heating. For the next step development, in charge of the national energy administration said that one is the development of biomass energy as an important measures against atmospheric pollution, environmental protection strategy, a clear positioning and the role in protecting ecological environment; Second, establish and improve the industrial system, study the establishment of specialized raw material collection system and operation mechanism, introduce the pollutant emission standard of biomass boilers, and carry out the standard system construction; Third, we will improve the policy support system, incorporate biomass energy into the energy industry, establish a priority utilization mechanism and an efficient management system, and introduce a policy of terminal subsidies and preferential taxation policies.